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The Several Plausible Causes Of Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder
Beekeepers have always suffered losses of their domesticated bees but in the past those losses were gradual and the beekeeper was always able to discover the cause, usually a bacteria, mite or some other fungus and take correct action. Not so with colony collapse disorder, (sometimes called colony collapse syndrome or colony collapse disease). With colony collapse syndrome more bees are dwindling faster with no prominent reason and because only the queen and a few worker bees are left alive the colony dies.
The vanishing honey bees is still a mystery. As yet there has been no firm proof to point to any one cause for their cessation of life. This has led to the conjecture that there is more than one cause to colony collapse disorder (CCD). Practicable causes are:
Genetically modified crops
An investigation carried out by a beekeeper, John McDonald, seems to suggest that genetically modified crops could be the cause of colony collapse syndrome. He placed eight honey bee colonies in an area where the bees would have no interaction with genetically modified crops and an equal number of domesticated bee hives on farms that grew GMO's. At the end of the season in October the results of the honey collecting of both sets of honey bees was examined. The results between the two sets of honey bee colonies were very distinctive.
The 8 non-GMO bee colonies produced 150 pounds of honey, per hive, in the over-wintering brood supers. Plus, between them, the 8 colonies produced 200 pounds of extra honey. The farm honey bees, on the other hand, had produced no extra honey and had not even filled the over-wintering brood supers. These farm honey bees will require feeding in order to survive the winter.
Pesticides
The pesticide believed to be the main culprit in causing colony collapse disease is nicotine-based Clothianidin, an insecticide in the neonicotinoid family. In Germany investigators found that 99 percent of expired bees had high levels of Clothianidin in their bodies. As a result the seven pesticides in the neonicotinoid family have been provisionally not permitted.
In the US imidacloprid seems to be the pesticide causing the most colony collapse disease. For example in North Dakota one third of colonies died after imidacloprid was used on rapeseed.
Mobile phones
Is the electromagnetic radiation given off by cell phones interfering with the honey bee's navigating system thus preventing the bees from finding their way back to the hive. Some detective work carried out by Dr Jochen Kuhn shows that honey bees do not like going back to their hives when a cell phone is deployed near the bee hive. If bees are trying to shun mobile phone radiation then this could demonstrate why they are getting lost and unable to find their way home.
Foodstuff
Bees normally use natural material like pollen, sap, nectar, or other botanical materials, for fabricating into honey. When beekeepers remove this honey, which the bees would normally eat over winter, and replace it with High Fructose Corn Syrup a natural raw sustenance is being replaced with a highly processed dead foodstuff. HFCS is lacking in the many minerals and vitamins found in honey so the bees are forced to eat inferior foodstuff which results in their impoverished health and diminished immune systems.
So what is the cause of bee colony collapse disorder. Probably a combination of all of the above though GMOs, and the neonicotinoid pesticides, seem to be the main factors which has caused the dramatic increase in bees disappearing.
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